监督执纪“四种形态”：监督执纪"四种形态"，指经常开展批评和自 我批评，及时进行谈话提醒、批评教育、责令 检查、诫勉，让"红红脸、出出汗"成为常态； 党纪轻处分、组织调整成为违纪处理的大多 数；党纪重处分、重大职务调整的成为少数； 严重违纪涉嫌犯罪追究刑事责任的成为极 少数。
four forms of disciplinary oversight and enforcement: The four forms are: (1) regular criticism and self-criticism sessions, and timely cautions, admonitions and warnings, obligatory corrections, and reprimands, to make those who have committed minor transgressions “flush and sweat”; (2) light disciplinary penalties and minor organizational adjustments to official positions, which are to be applied in the majority of cases; (3) heavy penalties and major adjustments to official positions, which are to be applied in a small number of cases; (4) investigation and prosecution, which are to be undertaken in a very small number of cases involving serious violations of discipline and suspected criminal conduct.
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建军一百年奋斗目标
(to achieve/meet) the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army (by 2027)
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解放战争
War of Liberation
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进行具有许多新的历史特点的伟大斗争
carry out the/our great struggle with many new features/challenges
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九二共识
1992 Consensus
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（党中央）决策议事协调机构
decision-making, deliberative, and coordinating institutions
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军事治理
1) governance over the military； 2) military governance（易误解为军事统治、军政府的统治，必须在确保没有歧义时方可使用）
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历史周期率
(historical) cycle of rise and fall (of political power/dynasties)
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立党立国、兴党兴国（的根本指导思想）
(fundamental ideology upon which) our Party and our country are founded and thrive
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立党为公、执政为民
commitment/committed to serving the public good and exercising power in the interests of the people
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“两步走”的战略安排
two-step strategic plan
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两个确立：确立习近平同志党中央的核心、全党的核心地位，确立习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的指导地位
Two Affirmations: the affirmation of Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole, and the affirmation of the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era
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